As we close out another wonderful year, we at Vision Care want to thank you for allowing us to be your trusted partner in eye health. Throughout the year, we’ve highlighted the importance of regular checkups and how various health conditions can affect your vision. To start the new year with clarity and confidence, we’re excited to share the range of advanced scans and services we offer to keep your eyesight at its best.

Here’s an in-depth look at what we provide and how each service contributes to diagnosing, managing, or improving eye health:

1. VISION THERAPY

A specialized, non-surgical approach aimed at enhancing the coordination and functionality of the eyes and brain. This treatment is particularly effective for:

• Amblyopia (lazy eye): Rehabilitates the weaker eye through structured visual stimuli to enhance neural plasticity.
• Convergence insufficiency: Addresses inadequate binocular coordination required for near-vision tasks.
• Digital eye strain: Mitigates accommodative dysfunction and oculomotor imbalances caused by prolonged screen exposure.

Vision therapy integrates evidence-based exercises, lenses, prisms, and computer-based tools, fostering sustainable improvements in visual efficiency.

2. SPORTS VISION WITH SENAPTEC
   This cutting-edge service leverages Senaptec’s neuro-sensory technology to enhance the visual and cognitive skills crucial for athletic performance. Using advanced diagnostic and training tools, Sports Vision Training focuses on:

• Visual processing speed: Improves the brain’s ability to interpret and respond to visual information rapidly.
• Contrast sensitivity: Enhances the ability to discern subtle differences in contrast, crucial for environments with variable lighting.
• Peripheral awareness: Expands the field of vision, allowing athletes to track multiple moving objects simultaneously.
• Reaction time: Optimizes the ability to react swiftly to dynamic changes in the environment, such as a fast-approaching ball or an opponent’s movement.
• Depth perception: Calibrates spatial awareness to judge distances accurately, which is vital for activities like catching or hitting a target.
• Eye-hand coordination: Strengthens the synchronization between visual input and physical responses.

This service integrates visual, cognitive, and motor skill training to provide athletes with a competitive edge, applicable to sports like cricket, basketball, tennis, and racing. The program is tailored to individual needs, ensuring measurable improvements in performance.

3. PRIMARY EYE EXAMINATION

A comprehensive evaluation designed to assess overall ocular health and visual acuity. This examination includes:

• Refraction assessment: Determines the precise prescription for corrective lenses to address the refractive error problems such as myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia. 
• Ocular health evaluation: Screens for early signs of conditions such as cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration.

4. EYE PRESSURE TESTING (IOP)
   Elevated intraocular pressure is a key risk factor for glaucoma, a condition that can cause irreversible vision loss if untreated. This painless test measures the pressure inside your eyes to:

• Detect glaucoma early.
• Monitor the effectiveness of treatments if you’re already diagnosed.

5. VISUAL FIELDS TESTING
   This test assesses your peripheral vision (the ability to see to the side while looking straight ahead). It helps detect:

• Glaucoma: Identifies damage to the optic nerve.
• Neurological conditions: Detects visual impairments caused by brain injuries or strokes.

6. COLOR VISION TESTING
   By checking your ability to distinguish colors, this test is essential for identifying:

• Color blindness: A condition where certain colors are hard to differentiate.
• Inherited or acquired vision issues: Linked to conditions like optic nerve damage or medication side effects.

7. BIOMETRY
   Before cataract surgery, this test is crucial to measure the length and curvature of your eye. It ensures:

• Precise lens selection: To correct your vision optimally after surgery.
• Accurate surgical outcomes: For a smooth recovery and clear eyesight.

8. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
   We offer several targeted diagnostic tests, including:

• Dry eye assessment: Identifies the cause of irritation, redness, or excessive tearing. Treatments may include eye drops, lifestyle adjustments, or in-office procedures.
• Glaucoma assessment: A combination of tests to assess optic nerve health and detect early signs of glaucoma.
• Diabetic retinopathy assessment: Essential for individuals with diabetes to check for damage to the blood vessels in the retina, preventing vision loss.
• Ocular Coherence Tomography (OCT): Uses high-resolution imaging to identify conditions like macular degeneration, retinal tears, or glaucoma.
• Fundus photography: Provides detailed images of the retina to monitor conditions like diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, or retinal detachment.

9. ORTHOPTIC ASSESSMENT
   This service evaluates binocular vision, ensuring both eyes work together effectively. It is crucial for identifying and managing:

• Squints (Strabismus): Misalignment of the eyes.
• Double vision (Diplopia): Helps improve comfort and clarity.
• Eye movement disorders: For smoother, more coordinated visual tracking.

10. LOW VISION SERVICES
    For those with significant vision loss that cannot be corrected with glasses or surgery, our low vision services provide:

• Magnifying tools: To enhance the ability to read and see details.
• Lifestyle adaptations: To help you navigate daily life independently.
• Counseling and training: To maximize the use of remaining vision.

Let’s start the year with healthy eyes

Regular eye checkups are a foundation of maintaining long-term vision health. You can take proactive steps to detect and manage potential issues before they impact your quality of life by using our advanced tests and services.

Schedule your appointment today and step into 2025 with clarity and confidence.

Wishing you a bright and healthy New Year,

Cholesterol, particularly high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), has long been recognized for its role in heart health. However, emerging evidence is now shedding light on the important role it plays in age-related eye diseases. As we age, conditions such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy (DR) become increasingly prevalent. Research suggests that cholesterol levels may influence the pathogenesis and progression of these conditions, highlighting the need for better understanding and management of cholesterol for preserving eye health.

Cholesterol and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of vision loss in older adults. Recent genetic studies have identified a surprising connection between HDL-C and AMD. A large-scale study using Mendelian randomization across European and Asian populations found that higher HDL-C levels were associated with an increased risk of advanced AMD. Specifically, a 1 standard deviation increase in HDL-C levels resulted in a 17% increased risk for Europeans and a 58% increased risk for Asians (Fan et al., 2017).

This finding challenges the traditional belief that higher HDL-C levels are protective. Instead, it suggests that elevated HDL-C may contribute to AMD pathogenesis, making it a potential target for future therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing or treating the disease.

Cholesterol, Cataracts, and Oxidative Stress

Cataracts, which cause the clouding of the eye’s lens, are another age-related condition linked to cholesterol. Research has shown that high cholesterol, particularly HDL-C, may contribute to cataract formation through oxidative stress pathways. Oxidative stress damages the proteins in the lens, leading to cloudiness and impaired vision. Studies have suggested that HDL-C’s antioxidant properties might not be sufficient to counteract the oxidative damage in the lens, particularly when HDL levels are elevated (Betzler et al., 2020).

The relationship between cholesterol and cataracts requires further investigation, but current evidence suggests that managing cholesterol levels could be crucial for preventing cataract formation as part of an overall strategy for maintaining eye health.

HDL-C and Glaucoma

Glaucoma, a condition characterized by optic nerve damage and often elevated intraocular pressure, has also been studied in relation to cholesterol levels. Some studies have explored the antioxidative effects of HDL-C in glaucoma, given its potential to protect against oxidative stress, a known contributor to glaucoma’s progression. However, the current literature is inconclusive, with some studies finding no significant link between cholesterol levels and glaucoma risk (Betzler et al., 2020).

While the potential role of HDL-C in glaucoma remains unclear, continued research is necessary to better understand how cholesterol might influence the development and progression of this vision-threatening condition.

Cholesterol and Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is another age-related eye disease that has been linked to lipid metabolism. Research has shown that patients with diabetes who have elevated cholesterol levels, particularly high HDL-C, are at an increased risk for DR. This condition results from damage to the blood vessels in the retina, and cholesterol may exacerbate this process through inflammation and oxidative damage. The relationship between HDL-C and DR suggests that managing lipid profiles could help prevent or slow the progression of retinopathy in diabetic patients (Betzler et al., 2020).

Cholesterol and Cognitive Decline

In addition to its role in eye health, cholesterol has been implicated in cognitive decline. High cholesterol, particularly LDL-C, is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but recent studies suggest that it may also contribute to the development of dementia. A major review study indicated that untreated vision loss, particularly due to cataracts or diabetic retinopathy, increases the risk of cognitive decline by up to 47% (Livingston et al., 2024). This suggests that maintaining eye health through cholesterol management may also have implications for cognitive function, especially in aging populations.

The Need for Balanced Cholesterol Management

The growing body of research underscores the need for a balanced approach to cholesterol management, not only for cardiovascular health but also for preserving eye health. High levels of HDL-C, once thought to be protective, may increase the risk of age-related ocular diseases like AMD, cataracts, and diabetic retinopathy. Managing cholesterol levels through diet, lifestyle changes, and medical intervention is crucial to prevent these conditions and preserve vision as we age.

Vision Care encourages everyone to monitor their cholesterol levels and schedule regular eye check-ups, particularly if they are at higher risk for age-related eye diseases. By understanding the links between cholesterol and eye health, we can take proactive steps to reduce the risk of vision loss in the future.

References

Betzler, B.K., et al., 2020. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol in age-related ocular diseases. Biomolecules, 10(4), p.645. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10040645

Fan, Q., et al., 2017. HDL-cholesterol levels and risk of age-related macular degeneration: A multiethnic genetic study using Mendelian randomization. International Journal of Epidemiology, 46(6), pp.1891-1902. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyx189

Livingston, G., et al., 2024. Vision loss and high cholesterol recognised as dementia risk factors. The Lancet, 31 July 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01296-0

Runz, H., et al., 2021. HDL-C and its influence on oxidative stress in glaucoma. Vision Research, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2020.11.001

Gorski, M., et al., 2023. Cholesterol and its impact on diabetic retinopathy progression. Diabetic Retinopathy Journal, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diare.2023.03.001

At Vision Care, we’re committed to helping you not only see better but also feel better. The connection between your vision and mental health is more important than you might think. Recent studies have shown that poor vision can increase the risk of anxiety, depression, and other emotional challenges. Understanding this connection can help you protect both your eyesight and overall well-being.

HOW VISUAL IMPAIRMENT AFFECTS MENTAL HEALTH

Living with visual impairment can be challenging. Research has revealed that people with vision problems are more likely to experience mental health issues, such as depression. This is because vision plays a key role in how we interact with the world. Losing sight or experiencing difficulty in seeing can make it harder to do everyday tasks, enjoy activities, or feel confident when socializing with others.

A study conducted by Demmin and Silverstein (2020) found that many people with visual impairments struggle with mental health issues that go untreated. These individuals often face difficulties adjusting to their vision loss, which can lead to frustration and emotional distress. When vision problems interfere with activities like reading, driving, or working, it can make people feel less independent and lead to feelings of sadness or anxiety.

THE LINK BETWEEN MYOPIA AND MENTAL HEALTH IN CHILDREN

It’s not just adults who are affected. Vision problems in children, especially myopia (nearsightedness), can also take a toll on their mental health. A recent study by Zhang et al. (2024) looked at children with myopia who used different types of vision correction, like glasses or contact lenses. The research found that children who wore glasses were more likely to experience anxiety, as they often felt self-conscious or less confident compared to their peers. Children’s self-esteem and mental health can be affected if they struggle to see clearly in school or when playing sports, which may also impact their academic performance and social interactions.

This shows how important it is for children to have the right vision correction and support. Helping children feel comfortable with their vision correction aids can make a big difference in both their vision-related quality of life and their mental health.

THE IMPACT OF VISION LOSS ON DEPRESSION

A major study by Choi, Lee, and Lee (2018) confirmed that people with visual impairments are at a higher risk of developing depression. This study followed over 1,000,000 participants for more than a decade and found that those with vision loss were significantly more likely to experience depression compared to those without visual impairments. The study suggests that vision problems, especially if left unaddressed, can lead to feelings of isolation and a decrease in overall quality of life.

Even mild vision loss can contribute to emotional struggles, highlighting the importance of regular eye check-ups and the timely use of corrective measures like glasses or contact lenses.

A BROADER LOOK AT VISION AND MENTAL WELL-BEING IN THE ELDERLY

Vision loss doesn’t just affect younger people. Older adults, in particular, face unique challenges when it comes to their vision and mental health. A study conducted by Hashemi et al. (2024) explored the link between visual impairment and mental health in older individuals. The study revealed that seniors with vision issues were more likely to experience anxiety, depression, and physical symptoms, regardless of their age, gender, or education level. For elderly individuals, losing vision can make them feel less independent, increasing the risk of emotional problems and making daily tasks more difficult.

HOW VISION CARE CAN HELP

The good news is that with timely intervention and the right corrective lenses or treatments, we can help improve both vision and mental health. You can help protect your eyesight and support your mental well-being by making eye care a regular part of your health routine.

At Vision Care, we believe that taking care of your eyes is essential for your overall health and happiness. Whether it’s performing routine eye exams, offering the latest in corrective lenses, or providing advice on maintaining healthy eyes, our goal is to ensure that your vision helps you live life to the fullest.

If you or a loved one is experiencing vision issues, don’t hesitate to reach out to us. Our team is here to guide you through your eye care journey and ensure that your vision supports your mental and emotional health.

“Enhance Vision, Empower Life”

REFERENCES:

• Demmin, D.L., & Silverstein, S.M. (2020). Visual Impairment and Mental Health: Unmet Needs and Treatment Options. Clinical Ophthalmology, 14, 4229-4251. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S258783
• Choi, H.G., Lee, M.J., & Lee, S.M. (2018). Visual Impairment and Risk of Depression: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study Using a National Sample Cohort. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 2083. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20374-5
• Hashemi, A., Hashemi, H., Jamali, A., et al. (2024). The Association Between Visual Impairment and Mental Disorders. Scientific Reports, 14, 2301. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52389-6
• Zhang, W., Chang, S., Jiang, J., et al. (2024). Association Between Vision-Related Quality of Life and Mental Health Status in Myopia Children Using Various Optical Correction Aids. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 47(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2024.102287

Good vision is often taken for granted until it begins to weaken. While genetics and age play significant roles in eye health, lifestyle choices, particularly diet and daily habits, are also crucial in maintaining clear and healthy vision. Understanding the connection between what we eat, how we live, and the condition of our eyes is essential for long-term ocular wellness.

The Role of Nutrition in Eye Health

Healthy eyes start with a healthy diet. Nutrients such as vitamins A, C, and E, omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidants are particularly beneficial for maintaining eye health and preventing common vision problems.

• Vitamin A is vital for good vision, particularly in low-light conditions. Foods rich in vitamin A, like carrots, sweet potatoes, and dark leafy greens, help maintain the health of the cornea, the eye’s surface, and play a role in reducing the risk of night blindness.
• Vitamin C and Vitamin E are powerful antioxidants that protect the eyes from damage caused by free radicals. Citrus fruits, berries, nuts, and seeds are excellent sources of these vitamins, which help prevent cataracts and slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
• Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish such as salmon and tuna, and in flaxseed, are essential for the health of the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. Omega-3s also help reduce dry eye syndrome, a common issue in our increasingly digital world.
• Lutein and zeaxanthin are antioxidants found in high concentrations in the retina. Consuming green leafy vegetables, eggs, and other foods rich in these nutrients can help protect the eyes from harmful light and reduce the risk of chronic eye diseases.

The Impact of Lifestyle on Vision

Beyond diet, lifestyle choices also play a critical role in eye health. Regular exercise, adequate sleep, and proper eye care practices contribute to maintaining good vision throughout life.

• Exercise improves circulation, which increases oxygen levels to the eyes and removes toxins. Regular physical activity can reduce the risk of conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure, which can lead to eye problems such as diabetic retinopathy and hypertensive retinopathy.
• Sleep is crucial for eye health as it allows the eyes to rest and repair themselves after a day of exposure to environmental stressors like screens and sunlight. Insufficient sleep can lead to dry eyes, eye strain, and even blurred vision.
• Eye care practices, including regular eye exams and protection from harmful UV rays, are essential. Wearing sunglasses that block 100% of UVA and UVB rays can prevent cataracts and other eye damage. Additionally, taking regular breaks from screens (following the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds) can help reduce digital eye strain.

The eyes are not only the windows to the soul but also a reflection of our overall health. By prioritizing a diet rich in essential nutrients, maintaining an active lifestyle, and practicing good eye care habits, we can significantly reduce the risk of vision problems and preserve our sight well into old age. Healthy food and lifestyle choices are investments in not just our vision but our overall well-being. Taking proactive steps today can ensure a clearer, brighter future for our eyes.

What is Myopia?

Myopia, commonly referred to as nearsightedness, is a prevalent vision condition where distant objects
appear blurry while close objects can be seen clearly. This occurs due to the elongation of the eyeball or
an overly curved cornea, causing light rays to focus in front of the retina rather than directly on it. As a
result, individuals with myopia experience difficulty seeing things at a distance.

What are the causes of Myopia?

Myopia is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Key contributors include:

• Genetics: A family history of myopia increases the likelihood of developing the condition.
• Prolonged Near Work: Activities such as reading, using digital devices, or any task requiring close focus can contribute to the onset and progression of myopia.
• Lack of Outdoor Time: Insufficient exposure to natural light has been linked to the development of myopia in children.

How Myopia progresses?

Myopia progression typically occurs during childhood and adolescence as the eye continues to grow. Without intervention, myopia can worsen over time, leading to higher degrees of nearsightedness. The axial length of the eye increases, which can result in complications such as retinal detachment, glaucoma, and cataracts later in life.

What are the disadvantages of Myopia

While myopia is easily corrected with glasses or contact lenses, high myopia (severe nearsightedness) can have significant disadvantages:

• Increased risk of eye diseases: Higher degrees of myopia are associated with a greater risk of retinal detachment, glaucoma, and myopic maculopathy.
• Dependence on corrective lenses: Individuals with myopia often rely on glasses or contact lenses for clear vision, which can be inconvenient.
• Impact on Quality of Life: Severe myopia can limit activities and overall quality of life, especially if left unmanaged.

How to prevent Myopia progression?

Preventing or slowing the progression of myopia is crucial for long-term eye health. Strategies include:

• • Regular eye exams: Early detection through routine eye exams is key to managing myopia effectively.
  • Lifestyle modifications: Encouraging outdoor activities and reducing screen time can help lower the risk of myopia development in children.
  • Specialized lenses: Advanced lens designs, such as the Essilor Stellest lenses, have shown promise in slowing myopia progression.
  • Pharmacological interventions: Low-dose atropine eye drops are gaining recognition as a viable option for reducing the rate of myopia progression.

What are the key research and developments

1. Essilor Stellest Lenses: The four-year clinical trial results of the Essilor Stellest lens, presented at the 2023 Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO), demonstrated sustained myopia control efficacy. The trial, conducted at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University in China, showed that these lenses reduced myopia progression by more than one and a quarter diopter on average over four years. Additionally, the lenses effectively slowed axial eye elongation in children, even in older age groups (11-16 years). The study also highlighted that myopia progression and axial elongation were slower in children wearing these lenses compared to a control group wearing single vision lenses. (Luxottica, 2023)
2. Pharmacological interventions: Low-dose atropine (0.01%-0.05%) has emerged as a key pharmacological agent in slowing myopia progression. Recent studies have shown that atropine can effectively reduce the annual rate of myopic progression, particularly when combined with other methods such as Ortho-K lenses​ (Management, 2024)​. This treatment offers a minimally invasive option with a growing body of evidence supporting its safety and efficacy.
3. Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking (CXL): Although primarily used for keratoconus, CXL with riboflavin and UVA is being investigated as a potential treatment for myopia. Animal studies have shown promising results, indicating that CXL can enhance scleral rigidity and inhibit axial elongation, potentially slowing myopia progression​ (Optometry, 2021). However, further clinical trials are needed to establish its application in humans.
4. Lifestyle factors and early intervention: Research underscores the importance of early intervention and lifestyle modifications in managing myopia. Increased screen time has been linked to higher myopia rates, making it essential to counsel patients on reducing digital device usage and encouraging outdoor activities​ (Optometry, 2023)​. Optometrists are encouraged to incorporate these discussions into routine paediatric eye exams, as early detection and management can significantly impact the course of the disease.

Managing myopia progression requires a multi-disciplinary approach, combining clinical expertise with the latest research and technological innovations. As optometrists, it is important to educate patients and their families about the available treatments and the importance of early intervention. Optometrists can provide comprehensive care that not only corrects vision but also addresses the underlying progression of myopia by staying informed about the latest advancements. Implementing these advancements will help reduce the long-term complications associated with high myopia and lead to better outcomes for patients.  Staying updated on the latest developments in myopia management will help you provide the best care for their patients.

References

Luxottica, E., 2023. EssilorLuxottica unveils four-year clinical trial results of its Essilor Stellest lens at the 2023 Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). [Online]
Available at: https://www.essilorluxottica.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/trial-results-essilor-stellest/

Management, R. o. M., 2024. Latest Myopia NewsEssilorLuxottica Shares Five-Year Stellest Data at ARVO 2024. [Online]
Available at: https://reviewofmm.com/essilorluxottica-shares-five-year-stellest-data-at-arvo-2024/

Optometry, R. o., 2021. CXL May Also Help Halt Myopia Progression. [Online]
Available at: https://www.reviewofoptometry.com/article/cxl-may-also-help-halt-myopia-progression

Optometry, W. i., 2023. When it Comes to Myopia Progression, Earlier Intervention is Better. [Online]
Available at: https://www.womeninoptometry.com/luxottica-branded-pracices/article/when-it-comes-to-myopia-progression-earlier-intervention-is-better/

Understanding what is cataract

A cataract is a clouding of the eye’s natural lens, which lies behind the iris and the pupil. This clouding can cause vision to become blurry, dim, or less colourful, making it difficult to see clearly. Cataracts often develop slowly and are more common as people age. Over time, they can interfere with daily activities like reading, driving, or recognizing faces. Treatment usually involves surgery to remove the cloudy lens and replace it with an artificial one, restoring clear vision.
Recognize the symptoms of Cataracts

• Blurry or cloudy vision
• Fading or yellowing of colours
• Increased sensitivity to light and glare
• Difficulty seeing at night
• Double vision in one eye
• Frequent changes in eyeglass or contact lens prescription

What causes cataracts?

Cataracts occur when proteins in the eye’s lens clump together, leading to clouding and vision impairment. Factors contributing to this process include aging, injury, and medical conditions such as diabetes.

How cataracts form?

The lens of the eye is mostly water and proteins arranged in a precise way to keep the lens clear and let light pass through. With age, these proteins may break down and clump together, forming a cataract that clouds small areas of the lens. Over time, the cataract may grow larger and cloud more of the lens, making it harder to see.
Types of cataracts

1. Nuclear Cataracts: Form in the centre of the lens and often cause the lens to yellow or brown.
2. Cortical Cataracts: Begin at the edges of the lens and move toward the centre, creating a spoke-like appearance.
3. Posterior Subcapsular Cataracts: Form at the back of the lens, often affecting reading vision and causing glare.
4. Congenital Cataracts: Present at birth or develop during childhood, possibly due to genetic factors or infections during pregnancy.

Risk factors for cataracts
Several factors increase the risk of developing cataracts:
• Age: Most common in older adults.
• Diabetes: Higher risk due to changes in blood sugar levels.
• Smoking and alcohol use: Both increase the likelihood of cataract formation.
• Prolonged sun exposure: UV radiation can contribute to cataract development.
• Family history: Genetics play a role in cataract susceptibility.
• Previous eye injury or surgery: Can lead to cataract formation.

How to prevent cataracts

While some risk factors like age cannot be avoided, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk of cataracts:
• Regular eye exams: Early detection and monitoring can help manage cataract development.
• Healthy diet: Consuming fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants can support eye health.
• Wear sunglasses: Protect your eyes from harmful UV rays.
• Quit smoking: Reduces your risk of cataracts and other health issues.
• Limit alcohol consumption: Moderate your intake to lower the risk.
• Manage health conditions: Keep conditions like diabetes under control to prevent cataract formation.
Diagnosis of cataracts

Cataracts are typically diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam. Here’s what you can expect during the diagnostic process:

1.Visual acuity test: This test measures how well you can see at various distances, using an eye chart to check for vision impairment.
2. Dilated eye exam: Your eye doctor will use special drops to widen your pupils. This allows a closer examination of the lens and retina to check for signs of cataracts and other eye conditions.
3. Slit-Lamp examination: A specialized microscope illuminates and magnifies the structures at the front of your eye, making it easier to detect abnormalities.
4. Retinal exam: Using the slit lamp or an ophthalmoscope, your doctor examines the back of your eye (retina) to assess for any cataract formation or other issues.
5. Tonometry: This measures the pressure inside your eye, which can be affected by cataracts or other eye conditions.

Treatment and management of cataracts

The treatment approach for cataracts depends on the severity of the condition and how much it affects your vision and daily activities.

Non-surgical management
In the early stages, when cataracts cause only minor vision problems, the following strategies can help manage symptoms:

• Updated eyeglasses or contact Lenses: Improved prescriptions can help you see better.
• Magnifying glasses: Useful for reading small print.
• Better lighting: Brighter lights can help reduce vision problems.
• Anti-Glare sunglasses: Can reduce sensitivity to bright lights and glare.

Surgical treatment
When cataracts significantly impair vision and interfere with daily activities, surgery is often the recommended treatment. Cataract surgery is a common and generally safe procedure. There are two main types of cataract surgery:
1. Phacoemulsification (Phaco): A small incision is made in the eye, and an ultrasound device breaks up the cloudy lens. The pieces are then removed, and an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is implanted.
2. Extracapsular cataract extraction: A larger incision is made to remove the cloudy lens in one piece. An IOL is then implanted. This method is less common and typically used for advanced cataracts.

Post-surgery care
• Follow-up visits: Regular check-ups with your eye doctor to monitor healing and address any complications.
• Medications: Prescribed eye drops to prevent infection and reduce inflammation.
• Avoiding strenuous activities: Protecting your eyes from injury and strain during the healing process.

Research insights from Sri Lanka

Prevalence and risk factors

The Kandy Eye Study by Athanasiov, et al. (2010) looked closely at how common cataracts are in central Sri Lanka. They surveyed 1,375 people aged 40 and older and found that 33.1% had some form of cataract, including those who had surgery. The study showed no strong link between cataracts and gender, smoking, or outdoor work. However, it found that people with lower education levels and shorter height were more likely to develop cataracts.
Another study by Nishad, et al. (2019) focused on older people and found that 80.6% of those over 60 had cataracts. It also noted that younger women were more likely to have cataracts, highlighting the need for special screening programs for women to catch and treat cataracts early.

Barriers to treatment

Even though free cataract treatment is available in Sri Lanka, many people don’t use these services, leading to ongoing vision problems or blindness. Nishad et al. (2019) found that barriers to treatment among the elderly include a lack of awareness, financial difficulties, and misunderstandings about cataracts and their treatment. Overcoming these barriers is essential to increase the number of people getting cataract surgery and reduce blindness.

Impact on quality of life

Cataracts greatly affect the quality of life, especially for older people. Nanayakkara (2009) studied the quality of life related to vision in elderly people in the Gampaha District. The study found a 56% cataract prevalence, with major risk factors being age, gender, job exposure, lower social class, chronic illnesses, and smoking. It validated the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ) for use in Sri Lanka and found that elders with cataracts had a much lower quality of life. These results highlight the need for effective public health strategies to manage and prevent cataracts, improving the well-being of older people.

Outcomes of cataract surgery

Cataract surgery coverage and visual outcomes are important measures of the success of treatment programs. Murthy et al. (2018) conducted a national survey and found that out of 5,779 participants, 345 had undergone cataract surgery, with a high coverage rate of 85.4% for severe vision impairment (vision <3/60). The results were mostly positive, with 59.7% of eyes achieving good visual outcomes at the first check-up, improving to 75.1% with correction. However, there were disparities in surgical coverage, with lower rates in underserved provinces and among poorer groups. This shows the need for targeted actions to ensure everyone in the country has fair access to cataract surgery.

If you notice any of these symptoms or experience sudden changes in your vision, consult an eye care professional. Early detection can help manage the condition more effectively.
Stay proactive about your eye health and keep your vision clear!

References

Athanasiov, P. et al., 2010. Cataract in Central Sri Lanka: Prevalence and Risk Factors from the Kandy Eye Study. Ophthalmic epidemiology, Volume 17, pp. 34-40.
Murthy, G. V. S. et al., 2018. Prevalence and visual outcomes of cataract surgery and cataract surgical coverage in Sri Lanka: findings from the National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey. Ceylon Medical Journal, 63(5), pp. 18-25.
Nanayakkara , S. D., 2009. Vision-Related Quality of Life Among Elders With Cataract in Sri Lanka: Findings From a Study in Gampaha District. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 21(3), pp. 303-311.
Nilanga Nishad, A. et al., 2019. Cataract among elderly in Sri Lanka. bioRxiv.

As we prepare for the festive season, it’s important to keep eye safety top of mind. Festivals are a time of joy and celebration, but they are often accompanied by activities that might result in eye injury if proper measures are not followed. Whether you’re enjoying fireworks, new year sports, participating in colour festivals, or decorating your home, here are detailed strategies to protect your vision and prevent ocular injuries during this festive time.
1. Wear appropriate eyewear
Invest in high-quality protective eyewear when attending events involving fireworks. Look for safety glasses or goggles that meet safety standards to shield your eyes from sparks, particles, or stray projectiles. Proper eyewear is especially important for children who may be more vulnerable to eye injuries during festivities.
2. Maintain a safe distance from fireworks
When enjoying fireworks displays, ensure you’re at a safe viewing distance. Respect the approved viewing locations and stay at least 500 feet away from aerial fireworks shows. If setting off fireworks at home, strictly follow safety instructions and keep viewers, especially children, at a safe distance.
3. Protect eyes from colours or powders
During sports that use flour, powder and coloured water it would be better to use protective eyewear like sunglasses or goggles to shield your eyes from direct contact with them. Avoid rubbing your eyes with hands and promptly rinse with clean water if any powder accidentally gets into your eyes.
4. Be cautious with decorations
When decorating your house or venue, keep an eye out for any risks. To avoid accidental eye injuries caused by sharp edges or falling items, ensure that all decorations are properly attached and positioned away from eye level.
5. Educate children on eye safety
Children are especially exposed to eye injuries at festivals because of their excitement and curiosity. Teach them about the importance of avoiding inappropriate behaviour around fireworks or decorations. Encourage them to wear protective eyewear if participating in activities with potential eye risks.
6. Respond promptly to eye injuries
If an eye injury occurs, act swiftly. Avoid rubbing and seek immediate medical attention if there’s persistent pain, redness, or impaired vision. Delaying treatment can worsen the injury and lead to complications.
7. Stay informed and comply with safety guidelines
Stay updated on local safety regulations and guidelines for festival activities. Follow all safety recommendations provided by authorities to minimize the risk of accidents and injuries during celebrations.
By including these detailed precautions into your festive plans, you can assure a safer and more enjoyable experience for you and your loved ones. Prioritizing eye safety during festivals is essential for protecting your vision and preventing unnecessary injuries that might ruin the fun.
Remember that taking preventative precautions now can protect your vision for many more enjoyable festivities to come.
Research findings
These research findings highlight important insights and recommendations regarding the prevention of ocular injuries during festive occasions.
Research Title: Ocular firework injuries among patients presented to the emergency department during festival season in a Tertiary Eye Hospital
The study by Manandhar and colleagues (2024) investigated ocular injuries caused by fireworks during festival seasons, finding that over half of the patients (55.30%) treated at a tertiary eye hospital’s emergency department had firework-related ocular injuries. Young adults under 30 years old, particularly males, were most affected, with firecrackers being the leading cause of injuries due to their widespread availability. The research highlighted specific festival-associated risks, such as the Chaat festival, where crowded and unsupervised environments contributed to higher injury rates. Importantly, many injuries occurred among viewers rather than active participants, emphasizing the need for broader public awareness and safety measures during festive events. The findings highlight the importance of implementing stricter regulations on fireworks usage and promoting educational campaigns to prevent ocular injuries and ensure safer celebrations for all.

Research Title: Firecracker eye injuries during Deepavali festival: A case series
Kumar et al. (2010) studied ocular injuries caused by firecrackers during the Deepavali festival in India, analyzing 51 cases ranging from minor burns to severe globe ruptures. Many victims were viewers rather than those lighting the firecrackers. Bombs, sparklers, and homemade devices were often used, with bottle rockets causing serious injuries. Negligence, device malfunctions, and unsafe practices such as setting off fireworks in public places all contributed to the high injury rate. The study highlights the urgent need for public education on firecracker safety, parental supervision, and stricter regulations to prevent these avoidable injuries during festive celebrations.

Research Title: Prevention of Ocular Injuries
In his study, Hamza (2016) highlights the importance of preventing eye injuries through three key methods: raising awareness, using protective eyewear, and implementing law changes. Eye injuries can happen from accidents involving objects, chemicals, or certain activities. For example, sports can lead to eye injuries, especially in children, but wearing protective eyewear like goggles or helmets can reduce these risks. Laws managing the use of protective gear in sports has successfully lowered injury rates. Fireworks are another common cause of eye injuries during festivals, particularly among children. Strict laws and public education about fireworks safety can help prevent these injuries. Chemical burns and laser exposure also pose risks, and protective eyewear and quick treatment are important for prevention. Overall, combining awareness, protective gear, and laws can significantly reduce the occurrence of eye injuries in different settings.

References

• Manandhar A, Mukharjee T, Karn RR. Ocular Firework Injuries among Patients Presented to the Emergency Department During Festival Season in a Tertiary Eye Hospital. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2024 Feb 24;62(270):99-102. doi: 10.31729/jnma.8433. PMID: 38409985; PMCID: PMC10924514.
• Kumar R, Puttanna M, Sriprakash KS, Sujatha Rathod BL, Prabhakaran VC. Firecracker eye injuries during Deepavali festival: a case series. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2010;58(2):157-159. doi:10.4103/0301-4738.6009
• Hamza, Hany. (2016). Prevention of Ocular Injuries. Advances in Ophthalmology & Visual System. 4. 10.15406/aovs.2016.04.00122.

As we celebrate Women’s Day in March, it’s important to look into an important part of women’s overall well-being: their eye health. Extensive research, particularly the study conducted by Aninye et al. (2021), reveals major differences in women’s eye health when compared to their male companions. These findings highlight the urgent need for focused treatments and increased awareness efforts to address the numerous issues women experience in protecting their vision.

The findings of Aninye et al.’s study are substantial, indicating that women face a significantly greater risk of visual impairment and serious eye illnesses. This inequality is not just due to biological differences, but is also closely linked to socioeconomic factors that influence health, insufficient educational resources, and restricted screening and treatment options. The importance of closing these inequalities cannot be emphasised, since improving women’s eye health benefits not just individual patients but also the overall health trend of communities.

According to a Prevent Blindness survey, less than 10% of women are aware that they have a higher chance of permanent loss of vision than men, with an unbelievable 86% incorrectly believing that men and women are at equal risk and just 5% recognising that males have a higher risk. Unfortunately, one in every four women has not had an eye checkup in the recent two years, underlining the critical need for enhanced awareness and preventative steps to protect women’s eye health.

When exploring deeper into specific ocular illnesses, disorders such as thyroid eye disease (TED), dry eye disease (DED), and the special ocular problems of pregnancy emerge as major issues mostly impacting women. Despite the urgency of these disorders, women frequently experience difficulties to receiving early and proper treatment, because of demographic and socioeconomic variables. Thus, an organised effort is required to promote awareness and execute targeted solutions to provide equitable eye care access for all.

However, addressing the complexities of women’s eye health requires a sophisticated awareness of gender-specific details and risk factors, as explained by Korpole et al. (2022). Hormonal changes, lifestyle decisions, and family history all influence women’s ocular health outcomes, necessitating a comprehensive strategy that includes preventative measures, early tests, and focused treatment options.

Zetterberg’s (2016) meticulously detailed worldwide panorama of visual impairment and blindness serves as a devastating reminder of the common nature of gender disparities in eye health. Efforts to overcome these gaps must be comprehensive, addressing not just access to essential treatments such as cataract surgery, but also the larger sociocultural reasons that maintain these inequalities.

Furthermore, the insights provided by Hicks, Owen, and DeAngelis (2021) emphasise the need of research-driven therapies and active engagement of women in clinical investigations. By advocating for frequent eye exams, providing accurate information, and creating a culture of proactive eye health management, the optometry community plays a critical role in breaking down barriers and promoting equitable eye health outcomes for all people, regardless of gender.

The route towards equitable eye health care for women requires a collaborative effort including healthcare providers, advocacy organisations, legislators, and the community at large. By addressing inequities, raising awareness, and advocating evidence-based therapies, we can enable women to take control of their eye health journey, assuring a future in which vision impairment is no longer a barrier to their ambitions and well-being.

Here are some practical tips customized specifically for women to prioritize and maintain their eye health:

1. Regular eye exams: Schedule comprehensive eye examinations with an optometrist or ophthalmologist at least once every two years, or more frequently if you have existing eye conditions or risk factors.
2. Know your family history: Be aware of any hereditary eye conditions or diseases within your family. Understanding your genetic predispositions can help in early detection and proactive management.
3. Protective eyewear: Wear appropriate eye protection when engaging in activities that pose a risk of eye injury, such as sports, DIY projects, or working with hazardous materials.
4. Healthy lifestyle choices: Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids, which promote eye health. Stay hydrated and limit the consumption of alcohol and tobacco, as they can adversely affect vision.
5. Manage chronic conditions: Take proactive steps to manage chronic health conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and autoimmune disorders, as they can impact eye health. Follow your healthcare provider’s recommendations diligently.
6. Screen time management: Practice the 20-20-20 rule when using digital devices: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break, and focus on something 20 feet away to reduce eye strain.
7. UV protection: Wear sunglasses that offer UV protection when outdoors, even on cloudy days. Prolonged exposure to UV radiation can increase the risk of cataracts, macular degeneration, and other eye conditions.
8. Contact lens hygiene: If you wear contact lenses, follow proper hygiene practices to prevent eye infections. Clean and disinfect your lenses as instructed, and avoid wearing them while swimming or sleeping.
9. Manage hormonal changes: Be mindful of hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy, menopause, and other life stages, as they can affect eye health. Consult your healthcare provider if you experience any changes in vision or eye discomfort.
10. Seek prompt medical attention: If you experience sudden changes in vision, eye pain, redness, or any other concerning symptoms, seek prompt medical attention. Early intervention can help prevent serious complications and preserve vision.

References

1. Aninye, Irene O., et al. “The roles of sex and gender in women’s eye health disparities in the United States.” Biology of sex differences vol. 12,1 (2021): 57. doi:10.1186/s13293-021-00401-3
2. Korpole, N. R., et al. “Gender Difference in Ocular Diseases, Risk Factors and Management with Specific Reference to Role of Sex Steroid Hormones.” Journal of mid-life health, 13(1), (2022): 20–25. doi:10.4103/jmh.jmh_28_22
3. Zetterberg, Madeleine. “Age-related eye disease and gender.” Maturitas, Volume 83, (2016): 19-26. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.10.005.
4. Hicks, P., Owen, L., & DeAngelis, M. “Global Women’s Eye Health: A Genetic Epidemiologic Perspective.” doi:10.1007/978-981-15-9184-6_2.

As we begin a new year, it is important to prioritise our eye health for good vision and overall wellness. Incorporating simple yet effective practices into your daily routine will help you maintain and improve your vision in the coming months. Here are ten practical strategies to help you achieve and maintain healthy eyesight:

1. Regular eye exams: Schedule comprehensive eye exams with an optometrist at least once a year. These check-ups are critical for detecting potential vision problems early on, allowing for timely interventions and preventing further complications. Early detection can often mean easier treatment and better outcomes.
2. Balanced diet for eye health: Maintain a diet that’s rich in nutrients beneficial for eye health. Foods high in antioxidants, vitamins (such as A, C, and E), omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc are particularly advantageous. Include items like leafy greens, fish, citrus fruits, nuts, and carrots in your meals to nourish your eyes and maintain their health.
3. Stay hydrated: Adequate hydration is important not just for general health, but also for keeping the eyes moist and lubricated. Drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep your body, including your eyes, hydrated.
4. Combat digital eye strain: Limit screen time and take regular breaks when using electronic devices in today’s digital era. Follow the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, focus your attention on something 20 feet away for about 20 seconds. This technique aids in the reduction of eye strain and tiredness (fatigue) caused by extended screen use.
5. Protect your eyes from UV rays: Wear sunglasses that provide protection against harmful UV rays when in outdoors. UV exposure can lead to various eye conditions, including cataracts and macular degeneration. Additionally, use appropriate protective eyewear during sports or when working in environments with potential eye risks.
6. Ensure adequate lighting: Proper lighting is essential for minimizing eye strain when reading or working. Adjust the lighting to avoid glare on screens and surfaces. An equally lighted environment aids in the reduction of eye strain and discomfort.
7. Quit smoking: Smoking is harmful to eye health and has been linked to a variety of eye conditions, including cataracts and age-related macular degeneration. Quitting smoking decreases the risk of visual impairment greatly and helps to overall health improvement.
8. Optimize your workstation for eye health: To reduce strain, place your computer screen at an appropriate distance (about an arm’s length away) and slightly below eye level. Use an anti-glare screen and adjust font sizes to ensure comfortable reading. Taking regular breaks to rest your eyes is essential especially while using a screen for an extended period of time.
9. Practice eye exercises: Engage in eye exercises to strengthen eye muscles and maintain flexibility. Simple activities such as focusing on close and far objects or rotating the eyes can help prevent vision degradation and relieve strain from extended screen use or reading.
10. Prioritize quality sleep: Adequate and quality sleep is essential for overall health, including eye health. Lack of sleep can result in dry eyes and eye fatigue. Ensure you get enough rest to allow your eyes to relax and recover.

Adopting these behaviours as part of your daily routine will help you maintain healthy vision in this year and years ahead. Consistency and dedication to these practices will be important in protecting your eyesight and overall well-being. Remember, proactive care today ensures clearer vision tomorrow.